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2015. Том 9. Выпуск 2. Тематический выпуск ПРОСТРАНСТВО И ВРЕМЯ ПРИНЯТИЯ РЕШЕНИЙ / Thematic Issue SPACE, TIME AND DECISION MAKING / Die thematische Ausgabe RAUM UND ZEIT DER ENTSCHEIDUNGSFINDUNG

ПРИНЯТИЕ РЕШЕНИЯ И СРЕДА: ДИСКУРСЫ — ТЕХНОЛОГИИ — ПРОБЛЕМЫ КОММУНИКАЦИИ / DECISION MAKING AND ENVIRONMENT: DISCOURSES — TECHNOLOGIES — COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS / ENTSCHEIDUNGSFINDUNG UND UMWELT: DISKURSEN — TECHNOLOGIEN — KOMMUNIKATIONSPROBLEMEN

Демчук А.Л.

Особенности принятия решений в конфликтных ситуациях

Демчук Артур Леонович, кандидат философских наук, доцент факультета политологии МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова

E-mail: arthur@leadnet.ru

Наиболее распространенными в сфере деятельности человека при принятии решений являются слабоструктурированные и неструктурированные проблемы. Модели этих проблем — это субъективные модели с качественными оценками. Такие модели являются наиболее распространенными в принятии решений. При решении этих проблем превалируют интуитивно-эвристические методы. Применение человеко-машинных систем поддержки принятия коллективных решений не устраняет интуитивные компоненты.

Ключевые слова: интуиция, модели, слабоструктурированные проблемы принятия решений, неструктурированные проблемы принятия решений, принятие решений.

Литература

Артамонова Ю., Демчук А. Постструктурализм М. Фуко и новые методологические проблемы политических исследований // Политическая наука. 2015. № 2. С. 174—190.

Демчук А. Особенности принятия решений в конфликтных ситуациях // Мир и политика. 2009. № 8 (35). С. 77—85.

Демчук А. Экологические конфликты: природа, виды, способы урегулирования // Вестник Московского университета. Серия 12. Политические науки. 2007. № 2. C. 64—71.

Демчук А., Сасскайнд Л., Шамликашвили Ц. Менеджмент трудных решений в ХХI веке: Секреты построения консенсуса, или Как сделать так, чтобы довольны были все. М.: Межрегиональный центр управленческого и политического консультирования, 2009.

Фишер Р., Юри У. Путь к согласию или переговоры без поражения. М.: Наука, 1992.

Brett J.M. Negotiating Globally: How to Negotiate Deals, Resolve Disputes, and Make Decisions across Cultural Boundaries. San Francisco, СА: Jossey-Bass, 2001.

Carpenter S.L., Kennedy W.J.D. Managing Public Disputes, A Practical Guide to Handling Conflict and Reaching Agreements. San-Francisco, СА: Jossey-Bass, 2001.

Cormick G. "Mediating Environmental Controversies: Perspectives and First Experience." Earth Law Journal 2 (1976): 215—224.

Costantino C.A., Merchant C.S. Designing Conflict Management Systems, A Guide to Creating Productive and Healthy Organizations. San-Francisco, СА: Jossey-Bass, 1996.

Deutsch M., Coleman P.T., eds. The Handbook of Conflict Resolution, Theory and Practice. San-Francisco, СА: Jossey-Bass, 2000.

Dunnette M.D., ed. Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally College Pub. Co., 1976.

Frenkel D.N., Stark, J.H. The Practice of Mediation: A Video-Integrated Text. New York: Aspen, 2012.

Kolb D.M. When Talk Works: Profiles of Mediators. San Francisco, СП: Jossey-Bass, 1994.

Stulberg J.B., Love L.P. The Middle Voice: Mediating Conflict Successfully. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, 2013.

Susskind L., McKearnan S., Thomas-Larmer J. The Consensus Building Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Reaching Agreement. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1999.

Weeks D. The Eight Essential Steps to Conflict Resolution: Preserving Relationships at Work, at Home, and in the Community. Los Angeles, CA: Jeremy P. Tarcher, 1992.

Demchuk A.L.

Special Aspects of Decision-Making in Conflict Situations

Artur L. Demchuk, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Deputy Dean for International Affairs

E-mail: arthur@leadnet.ru

Since conflicts are inevitable and essential part of human interaction people need to develop optimal strategies and techniques of managing them. In my article, I provide the definition of conflict (as the interaction of interdependent people who perceive incompatible goals and interference from each other in achieving those goals), describe its structure (that involves participants (two or more interdependent conflicting parties, interested secondary parties, other participants), conflict issues, subjective perceptions, incentives to cooperate and compete, incompatible goals, and actions), functions (both positive and negative), possible strategies of behavior in conflict (avoidance, competition, accommodation, compromise and cooperation), and major approaches to negotiation and mediation. Based on different studies of conflict, negotiation and mediation I argue that consensus-building and mutual gains (win-win) approach to negotiation and mediation may be considered the optimal way of making decisions in conflict situations and of managing various types of conflicts that are potentially beneficial, if appropriate management strategies are used in each particular case. Well-managed conflicts can lead to better decisions, improve social cohesion, stimulate innovation, and increase morale.

Keywords: conflict, decision-making, strategies of behavior in conflict, negotiation, interest, mediation.

References:

Artamonova Yu., Demchuk A. "M. Foucault’s Poststructuralism and New Methodological Issues of Political Studies." Political Science 2 (2015): 174—190. (In Russian).

Brett J.M. Negotiating Globally: How to Negotiate Deals, Resolve Disputes, and Make Decisions across Cultural Boundaries. San Francisco, СА: Jossey-Bass, 2001.

Carpenter S.L., Kennedy W.J.D. Managing Public Disputes, A Practical Guide to Handling Conflict and Reaching Agreements. San-Francisco, СА: Jossey-Bass, 2001.

Cormick G. "Mediating Environmental Controversies: Perspectives and First Experience." Earth Law Journal 2 (1976): 215—224.

Costantino C.A., Merchant C.S. Designing Conflict Management Systems, A Guide to Creating Productive and Healthy Organizations. San-Francisco, СА: Jossey-Bass, 1996.

Demchuk A. "Environmental Conflicts: Nature, Types and Ways of Management." Herald of Moscow University. Series 12. Political Sciences 2 (2007): 64—71. (In Russian).

Demchuk A. "Specificities of Decision-Making in Conflict Situations." World and Politics 8 (2009): 77—85 (In Russian).

Demchuk A., Susskind L., Shamlikashvili Ts. Management of Tough Decisions in the 21st Century: The Secrets of Consensus-Building or How To Make Everyone Satisfied. Moscow: Interregional Centre for Managerial and Political Consulting Publisher, 2009. (In Russian).

Deutsch M., Coleman P.T., eds. The Handbook of Conflict Resolution, Theory and Practice. San-Francisco, СА: Jossey-Bass, 2000.

Dunnette M.D., ed. Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally College Pub. Co., 1976.

Fisher R., Uri W. Getting to Yes. Moscow, 1992. (In Russian).

Frenkel D.N., Stark, J.H. The Practice of Mediation: A Video-Integrated Text. New York: Aspen, 2012.

Kolb D.M. When Talk Works: Profiles of Mediators. San Francisco, СП: Jossey-Bass, 1994.

Stulberg J.B., Love L.P. The Middle Voice: Mediating Conflict Successfully. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, 2013.

Susskind L., McKearnan S., Thomas-Larmer J. The Consensus Building Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Reaching Agreement. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1999.

Weeks D. The Eight Essential Steps to Conflict Resolution: Preserving Relationships at Work, at Home, and in the Community. Los Angeles, CA: Jeremy P. Tarcher, 1992.